Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic
Awareness: the understanding that
spoken words are made up of separate units of sound that are blended together
when words are pronounced. However, it can also be thought of as skill at
hearing and producing the separate sounds in words, dividing or segmenting
words into their component sounds, blending separate sounds into words, and
recognizing words that sound alike or different.
Phonemes
themselves are the sounds that make up spoken words. They are also the smallest segments of sounds
within spoken language.
***
It is important to remember that phonemes are speech sounds not letters. The symbol, a, is not a phoneme, but a letter
that has been chosen to represent the phoneme/a/.
How Can We Tell if Students are Developing
Phonemic Awareness?
Phonemic Awareness Task
|
Demonstration Activity
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Example
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Isolating Phonemes
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Students identify specific sounds at
the beginning, middle, and end of words.
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Q: What is the first sound in the word
cat?
A: /c/
|
Blending Onset-Rimes
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Students blend onset-rimes to form
real words.
|
Q: What word can you make by blending
these two sounds together? l… and
A: land
|
Blending Phonemes
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Students blend phonemes to form real
words.
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Q: What word is made from blending
these sounds? /r/a/g
A: rag
|
Deleting Phonemes
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Students identify the word that
remains when a phoneme is removed or deleted.
|
Q: What word is left when we drop the
/s/ from the word spot?
A: pot
|
Segmenting Words into Phonemes
|
Students break a word into its
individual sounds by counting the sounds or by moving a marker for each
sound.
|
Q: Show me how many phonemes there are
in the word cake.
A: three- c/a/k
|
Adding Phonemes
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Students make new words by adding a
phoneme to a word.
|
Q:
What word do you make when you add a /b/ to the word ring?
A: bring
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Substituting Phonemes
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Students make a new word by replacing
a phoneme with another phoneme.
|
Q: Say the word bat. Now change the /b/ to a /c/. What is the new word?
A: cat
|
Why is Phonemic Awareness Importance in
Literacy Learning?
-Phonemic awareness helps young children
use more advanced ways of learning unfamiliar words.
-Children will be able to use phonemes in
decoding what they read.
- Students can use phonemes in new word
learning.
What Can You Do to Help a Child Develop
Phonemic Awareness?
·
Assess what kinds of phonemic awareness tasks
students are able to perform and then plan what they need to work on.
·
Focus on one or two phonemic awareness skills. Research shows that that is more effective
than teaching too many at once, as students might get overwhelmed or confused.
·
Emphasize dividing words into phonemes.
·
Use letters when teaching about phonemes.
·
Connect phonemic awareness instruction to
reading and writing.
·
Focus attention on how the mouth changes when
pronouncing different phonemes.
·
Use spelling to teach phonemes.
Having Fun with Phonemic Awareness:
Online Games/Resources for Children
Clifford's Sound Game: Find items that start with the same sound as the picture and
drop them in the box; audio.
Diagraphs: Movies -
Elmo Rhymes: Find the rhyming words; or watch as Elmo
finds them.
Fuzzy Lion Ears: Auditory discrimination; children must select
missing letter. With mouse over letters, audio is heard.
Pounce: A lion cub has to pounce on the word that is
given; audio.
Reggie the Rhyming Rhino: A rhyming game
that can be played online; need audio.
Sounds of the Letters: Each
letter is named along with its sound and a picture association.
StarfallConsonants Game: Click on one of the
letters to see a "story" about that letter. In the story see 3
pictures that begin with the letter, and sort upper and lower case letters.
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